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1526 lines (1222 loc) · 96.2 KB
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title><![CDATA[$ man jerome_]]></title>
<link href="http://jldbasa.github.io/atom.xml" rel="self"/>
<link href="http://jldbasa.github.io/"/>
<updated>2014-04-23T21:47:55-07:00</updated>
<id>http://jldbasa.github.io/</id>
<author>
<name><![CDATA[jerome basa]]></name>
</author>
<generator uri="http://octopress.org/">Octopress</generator>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[rails security pitfalls]]></title>
<link href="http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/03/06/rails-security-pitfalls/"/>
<updated>2014-03-06T06:00:10-08:00</updated>
<id>http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/03/06/rails-security-pitfalls</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>in this post i will cover the security related stuff for rails which i learned
over the last couple of years.</p>
<p>security is <strong>hard</strong>. rails is pretty secure by default (from hackers? maybe not),
but a simple mistake will lead to a catastrophe. as much as possible, try to
avoid the common pitfalls. as the saying goes <strong>prevention is better than cure</strong></p>
<h1>Common Attacks</h1>
<h2>SQL Injection</h2>
<p><img src="http://imgs.xkcd.com/comics/exploits_of_a_mom.png" alt="Exploits of a Mom" /></p>
<h3>simple case</h3>
<p>building your own conditions is vulnerable to sql injection. the code below is
not safe.</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="no">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"username LIKE '%</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:username</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">%'"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1"># query</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">SELECT</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="sb">`users`</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">*</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">FROM</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="sb">`users`</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">WHERE</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span> <span class="no">LIKE</span> <span class="s1">'%jerome%'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>let say the attacker sets the value of <code>params[:username]</code> e.g.</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:username</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"') UNION SELECT username, password,1,1,1 FROM users --"</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"username LIKE '%</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:username</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">%'"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1"># query</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">SELECT</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="sb">`users`</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">*</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">FROM</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="sb">`users`</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="no">WHERE</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">username</span> <span class="no">LIKE</span> <span class="s1">'%'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="no">UNION</span> <span class="no">SELECT</span> <span class="n">username</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="no">FROM</span> <span class="n">users</span> <span class="o">--%</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>anything after <code>--</code> will become a comment.</p>
<h3>countermeasure</h3>
<p>instead of passing the string directly to the condition option, you can pass an array to
sanitize the string.</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="no">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"username LIKE ?"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"%</span><span class="si">#{</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:username</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">%"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>XSS</h2>
<p>the rule of the thumb is <strong>never trust any data that comes from a user</strong></p>
<h3>simple case</h3>
<p>let say we have this code:</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">></span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o"><%=</span> <span class="n">raw</span> <span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">biography</span> <span class="sx">%></span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"></span></span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>and the attacker sets the value of <code>user.biography</code> to <code><script>alert('hello');</script></code>
the rendered page will have this.</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">></span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">script</span><span class="o">></span><span class="n">alert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello'</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="sr">/script></span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sr"></s</span><span class="n">pan</span><span class="o">></span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>our page will now execute this javascript code!</p>
<h3>countermeasure</h3>
<p>user input must be sanitized, you can use various Rails methods such as <code>sanitize</code></p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">span</span><span class="o">></span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o"><%=</span> <span class="n">sanitize</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">biography</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">tags</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sx">%w(a)</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">attributes</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sx">%w(href)</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="sx">%></span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"></span></span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>CSRF – Cross-Site Request Forgery</h2>
<h3>simple case</h3>
<ul>
<li>attacker sends requests on victim’s behalf</li>
<li>doesn’t depend on XSS</li>
</ul>
<h3>countermeasure</h3>
<ul>
<li>use <code>GET</code> and <code>POST</code> methods appropriately</li>
<li>use Rails default CSRF protection</li>
</ul>
<h1>Rails Specific Attacks</h1>
<h2>Mass Assignment</h2>
<h3>problem</h3>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:user</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>if you have <code>User.admin</code> attribute; and the attacker sends
<code>params[:user][:admin] = 1</code>, then the <code>admin</code> attribute will be set.</p>
<h3>solution</h3>
<ul>
<li>blacklist attributes using <code>attr_protected</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="ss">ActiveRecord</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Base</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">attr_protected</span> <span class="ss">:admin</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="o">.</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<ul>
<li>whitelist attributes using <code>attr_accessible</code></li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="ss">ActiveRecord</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Base</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">attr_accessible</span> <span class="ss">:username</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:email</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="o">.</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<ul>
<li>use strong parameters</li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
<span class='line-number'>13</span>
<span class='line-number'>14</span>
<span class='line-number'>15</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="o">.</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@user</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">User</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params_user</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="kp">private</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">params_user</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">:user</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">permit</span><span class="p">(</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:username</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:email</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="o">.</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>Secret Token</h2>
<p>this token is used to sign cookies that the application sets. you can generate
a token by running <code>$ rake secret</code></p>
<h3>problem</h3>
<p>by default the token is stored in the file. most of the time this file is in
version control</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/initializers/secret_token.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="ss">MyApp</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">secret_token</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'c38d07e4b543baeea5ae70f5dd670828ec67eb3c4f585020d02667804cb39a3142704028055540b2270c5a8253cea780b16fa353b86f94c17c923ac484a20856'</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>solution</h2>
<p>keep it out of version control. store it in <code>ENV</code>. you can use <code>figaro</code> gem to
store data in <code>ENV</code></p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/initializers/secret_token.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="ss">MyApp</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">secret_token</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">ENV</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'SECRET_TOKEN'</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>note:</strong> in Rails 4, it is called <code>secret_key_base</code>.</p>
<h2>Logging Parameters</h2>
<p>by default Rails filter any parameter that matches <code>/password/</code> from being
logged and replacing it with <code>[FILTERED]</code>. you should filter sensitive data from logs.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/initializers/filter_parameter_logging.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="no">Rails</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">application</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter_parameters</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:password</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:ssn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:token</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>“match” in Routing</h2>
<h3>problem</h3>
<p>in Rails 3, there’s even an example in <code>config/routes.rb</code></p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/routes.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="c1"># Example in config/routes.rb</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">match</span> <span class="s1">':controller(/:action(/:id))(.:format)'</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">match</span> <span class="s1">'/posts/delete/:id'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:to</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"posts#destroy"</span> <span class="ss">:as</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"delete_post"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>match</code> matches all HTTP verb and Rails CSRF protection doesn’t apply to
<code>GET</code> requests.</li>
<li>the second route will allow <code>GET</code> method to delete posts</li>
</ul>
<h3>solution</h3>
<ul>
<li>use the correct HTTP verb e.g: <code>:get, :post, :delete</code></li>
<li>use <code>:via</code> e.g. <code>match '/posts/delete/:id', :to => "posts#destroy" :as =>
"delete_post", :via => :delete</code></li>
</ul>
<h2>Scopes</h2>
<ul>
<li>let say we have <code>user</code> and <code>post</code> models, when you you retrieve <code>post</code> for
<code>edit</code>, <code>update</code> or <code>destroy</code>, make sure you get it through authorize user.
in the code below; <code>Example 2</code> is the preferred way</li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/controllers/posts_controller.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="o">.</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1"># Example 1 (UNSAFE)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">edit</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@post</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">Post</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_by</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:id</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="c1"># Example 2 (SAFE)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">edit</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@post</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">current_user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">posts</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_by</span> <span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:id</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">.</span><span class="o">.</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<ul>
<li>use authorization gem such as <code>cancan</code></li>
</ul>
<h2>Admin</h2>
<p>most of the time, admin URLs can be found in: <code>http://example.com/admin</code>, if you
can, please consider the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>maybe use sub-domain e.g. <code>http://some-url.example.com</code></li>
<li>whitelist IP address</li>
<li>VPN or intranet access only</li>
<li>separate application</li>
</ul>
<h1>Conclusion</h1>
<p>use <code>brakeman</code> to scan your app for vulnerabilities.</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='sh'><span class='line'><span class="nv">$ </span>brakeman . -o report.html
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
<span class='line-number'>13</span>
<span class='line-number'>14</span>
<span class='line-number'>15</span>
<span class='line-number'>16</span>
<span class='line-number'>17</span>
<span class='line-number'>18</span>
<span class='line-number'>19</span>
<span class='line-number'>20</span>
<span class='line-number'>21</span>
<span class='line-number'>22</span>
<span class='line-number'>23</span>
<span class='line-number'>24</span>
<span class='line-number'>25</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class=''><span class='line'>+----------------------+-------+
</span><span class='line'>| Warning Type | Total |
</span><span class='line'>+----------------------+-------+
</span><span class='line'>| Cross Site Scripting | 1 |
</span><span class='line'>| SQL Injection | 1 |
</span><span class='line'>| Session Setting | 1 |
</span><span class='line'>+----------------------+-------+
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'>+SECURITY WARNINGS+
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'>+------------+-----------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span><span class='line'>| Confidence | Class | Method | Warning Type | Message |
</span><span class='line'>+------------+-----------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span><span class='line'>| High | PostsController | set_post | SQL Injection | Possible SQL injection near line 68: Post.where("id =#{+params[:id]+}") |
</span><span class='line'>| High | | | Session Setting | Session secret should not be included in version control near line 12 |
</span><span class='line'>+------------+-----------------+----------+-----------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'>View Warnings:
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'>+------------+-------------------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span><span class='line'>| Confidence | Template | Warning Type | Message |
</span><span class='line'>+------------+-------------------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
</span><span class='line'>| High | posts/show (PostsController#create) | Cross Site Scripting | Unescaped model attribute near line 10: Post.new(post_params).content |
</span><span class='line'>+------------+-------------------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[mysql user minimum required privileges for rails]]></title>
<link href="http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/02/14/mysql-user-minimum-required-privileges-for-rails/"/>
<updated>2014-02-14T09:51:00-08:00</updated>
<id>http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/02/14/mysql-user-minimum-required-privileges-for-rails</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>if your application uses <code>root</code> as your database username; you’re doing it wrong.
a good practice is you should have two users for your application. let say
i have a database called <code>blog_production</code>, i will have two users in my
database: <code>blog</code> and <code>blog_admin</code>. the former will be use for regular stuff,
and the latter for database administration. each db user have diffrent set of privileges.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>blog</code> user privileges
<ul>
<li>Select</li>
<li>Insert</li>
<li>Update</li>
<li>Delete</li>
<li>Lock</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>blog_admin</code> user privileges
<ul>
<li>Select</li>
<li>Insert</li>
<li>Update</li>
<li>Delete</li>
<li>Lock</li>
<li>Create</li>
<li>Drop</li>
<li>Index</li>
<li>Alter</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='mysql'><span class='line'><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">DATABASE</span> <span class="n">blog_production</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="n">USER</span> <span class="s1">'blog'</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="s1">'localhost'</span> <span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">'db_password'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">GRANT</span> <span class="k">Select</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Insert</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Update</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Delete</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Lock</span> <span class="kp">Tables</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">blog_production</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">TO</span> <span class="s1">'blog'</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="s1">'localhost'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="n">USER</span> <span class="s1">'blog_admin'</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="s1">'localhost'</span> <span class="n">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">'db_password'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">GRANT</span> <span class="k">Select</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Insert</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Update</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Delete</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Create</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Drop</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Index</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Alter</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="k">Lock</span> <span class="kp">Tables</span> <span class="k">ON</span> <span class="n">blog_production</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">TO</span> <span class="s1">'blog_admin'</span><span class="o">@</span><span class="s1">'localhost'</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">FLUSH</span> <span class="n">PRIVILEGES</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>now, how do you use this two users in your rails app? in <code>databases.yml</code>, add a check for <code>DB_ADMIN</code> env var.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/databases.yml </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
<span class='line-number'>13</span>
<span class='line-number'>14</span>
<span class='line-number'>15</span>
<span class='line-number'>16</span>
<span class='line-number'>17</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="o"><%</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="no">ENV</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'DB_ADMIN'</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"blog_admin"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">password</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"11111111"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">else</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"blog"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">password</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"22222222"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx">%></span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx">production:</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"> adapter: mysql2</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"> encoding: utf8</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"> reconnect: false</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"> database: blog_production</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"> pool: 5</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="sx"> username: <%= username %></span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o"><%=</span> <span class="n">password</span> <span class="o">%></span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>by default it uses <code>blog</code> db username unless you pass <code>DB_ADMIN=true</code> env var.
the reasone we have this env is because we need to pass it when we run
migration tasks e.g:</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='bash'><span class='line'><span class="nv">$ DB_ADMIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">true </span>bundle <span class="nb">exec </span>rails db:migrate
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>if you use <strong>capistrano</strong> for deployment, you need to set <code>migrate_env</code> var.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/deploy.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">set</span> <span class="ss">:migrate_env</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"DB_ADMIN=true"</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>if you have better method, hit the comments.</p>
<p>and that’s all there is to it. hth.</p>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[rails 4: paypal express checkout integration using activemerchant]]></title>
<link href="http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/01/25/rails-4-paypal-express-checkout-integration/"/>
<updated>2014-01-25T05:35:00-08:00</updated>
<id>http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/01/25/rails-4-paypal-express-checkout-integration</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>in this post, i will share on how i integrated Paypal’s Express checkout in a rails 4 application using <code>activemerchant</code> gem. some of the code are based on <a href="http://railscasts.com/episodes/146-paypal-express-checkout">Railscasts Ep. 146</a>.</p>
<p><strong>before proceeding, make sure you have or did the following:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://developer.paypal.com">Paypal developer account</a></li>
<li>create Paypal sandbox accounts: merchant and buyer(go to Applications » Sandbox Accounts)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Gems to use</strong></p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">activemerchant</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">rails</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>Setup Activemerchant</h2>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/environments/developer.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">after_initialize</span> <span class="k">do</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">ActiveMerchant</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Billing</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Base</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ss">:test</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">paypal_options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">login</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"API_USERNAME_HERE"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"API_PASSWORD_HERE"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">signature</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"API_SIGNATURE_HERE"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">}</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o">::</span><span class="no">EXPRESS_GATEWAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ss">ActiveMerchant</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Billing</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">PaypalExpressGateway</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">paypal_options</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/environments/test.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">after_initialize</span> <span class="k">do</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">ActiveMerchant</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Billing</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Base</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ss">:test</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="o">::</span><span class="no">EXPRESS_GATEWAY</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="ss">ActiveMerchant</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Billing</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BogusGateway</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>Model changes</h2>
<p>this really depends on your app. maybe you have a <code>carts</code> and <code>orders</code> tables. or <code>bookings</code> and <code>reservations</code> tables. assuming you have <code>carts</code> and <code>orders</code> tables, you’ll have the following fields.</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
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</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class=''><span class='line'>carts
</span><span class='line'> - id
</span><span class='line'> - total_amount_cents
</span><span class='line'> - purchased_at
</span><span class='line'> - created_at
</span><span class='line'> - updated_at
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'>orders
</span><span class='line'> - id
</span><span class='line'> - cart_id
</span><span class='line'> - ip
</span><span class='line'> - express_token
</span><span class='line'> - express_payer_id</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>View Changes</h2>
<p>after you add the <code>express_checkout</code> to your routes file; in your cart page, put the express paypal checkout button</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/views/carts/index.html.erb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">link_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">image_tag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_xpressCheckout.gif"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">express_checkout_path</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>IMPORTANT:</strong> Paypal wants you to use their buttons, so use them! LOL</p>
<h2>Controller Changes</h2>
<p>add the following actions in your <code>orders</code> controller.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>express_checkout</code> – this will setup your purchase and redirect to paypal.</li>
<li><code>new</code> – a.k.a. Paypal’s return URL. i usually add a “Confirm Order” button in this action. it’s a good practice not to process the order right away.</li>
<li><code>create</code> – create and purchase the order</li>
</ul>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/controllers/orders_controller.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
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</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">express_checkout</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">EXPRESS_GATEWAY</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setup_purchase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="no">YOUR_TOTAL_AMOUNT_IN_CENTS</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">ip</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_ip</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">return_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">YOUR_RETURN_URL_</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">cancel_return_url</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">YOUR_CANCEL_RETURL_URL</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">currency</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"USD"</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">allow_guest_checkout</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kp">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">items</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="nb">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Order"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">description</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Order description"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">quantity</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">amount</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="no">AMOUNT_IN_CENTS</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">redirect_to</span> <span class="no">EXPRESS_GATEWAY</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">redirect_url_for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">new</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@order</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">Order</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">:express_token</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">params</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:token</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@order</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="vi">@cart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">build_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order_params</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@order</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_ip</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="vi">@order</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="vi">@order</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">purchase</span> <span class="c1"># this is where we purchase the order. refer to the model method below</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">redirect_to</span> <span class="n">order_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vi">@order</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">else</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">render</span> <span class="ss">:action</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s2">"failure"</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">else</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">render</span> <span class="ss">:action</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'new'</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>IMPORTANT:</strong> the total_amount must be equal to the total amount of <code>items</code> in the array of hashes or else you will get errors.</p>
<h2>Model Changes</h2>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/models/order.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
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</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Order</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="ss">ActiveRecord</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:Base</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">belongs_to</span> <span class="ss">:cart</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">purchase</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">EXPRESS_GATEWAY</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">purchase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">total_amount_cents</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">express_purchase_options</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">cart</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update_attribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">:purchased_at</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">success?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">response</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">success?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">express_token</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">self</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:express_token</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">token</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">new_record?</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blank?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="c1"># you can dump details var if you need more info from buyer</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">details</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="no">EXPRESS_GATEWAY</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">details_for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">express_payer_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">details</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">payer_id</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="kp">private</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">express_purchase_options</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">{</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:ip</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">ip</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:token</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">express_token</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:payer_id</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">express_payer_id</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">}</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p>and that’s all there is to it. hth.</p>
]]></content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title type="html"><![CDATA[rails 4: login with devise and facebook]]></title>
<link href="http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/01/12/rails-4-login-with-devise-and-facebook/"/>
<updated>2014-01-12T08:43:00-08:00</updated>
<id>http://jldbasa.github.io/blog/2014/01/12/rails-4-login-with-devise-and-facebook</id>
<content type="html"><![CDATA[<p>i recently created an application where you can login with its own
authentication system and third party sites like facebook, twitter, linkedin, etc.
for this task, i used <code>devise</code>, <code>omniauth</code> and <code>omniauth-facebook</code> gems.</p>
<p>make sure that you setup your facebook app. we’ll use the fb app id and secret
later. let’s get started.</p>
<p><strong>Gems to use</strong></p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">devise</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">rails</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">facebook</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>Model changes</h2>
<p><strong>Create Authentication model</strong></p>
<p>assuming you are using <code>User</code> model for devise, create the <code>Authentication</code> model.</p>
<figure class='code'><div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='sh'><span class='line'><span class="nv">$ </span>rails g model Authentication user:references provider:string uid:string
</span><span class='line'>token:string token_secret:string
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>Setup table relations</strong></p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/model/users.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">has_many</span> <span class="ss">:authentications</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">dependent</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="ss">:delete_all</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/model/authentications.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">belongs_to</span> <span class="ss">:user</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>Add methods to user.rb</strong></p>
<p>we need to override devise methods <code>password_required</code> and
<code>update_with_password</code> since 3rd party authentications don’t require password.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/model/users.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
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</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'> <span class="c1">#...</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">apply_omniauth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">username</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'info'</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="s1">'nickname'</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">username</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blank?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="nb">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">email</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'info'</span><span class="o">][</span><span class="s1">'email'</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">email</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blank?</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">authentications</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">build</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ss">:provider</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'provider'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:uid</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'uid'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:token</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'credentials'</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:token_secret</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="n">omniauth</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'credentials'</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">secret</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">password_required?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">authentications</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty?</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blank?</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&&</span> <span class="k">super</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">update_with_password</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">encrypted_password</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">blank?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">update_attributes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">params</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">options</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">else</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">super</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="c1">#...</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<p><strong>Enable omniauth support in devise</strong></p>
<p>add FB app id and secret. note that it’s a good practice to get them from ENV,
i use <code>figaro</code> gem to do this.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/initializers/devise.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">omniauth</span> <span class="ss">:facebook</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Figaro</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fb_app_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Figaro</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fb_app_secret</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="ss">:scope</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'email, user_location, publish_actions'</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/models/user.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="c1"># add :omniauthable</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="n">devise</span> <span class="ss">:database_authenticatable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:registerable</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:recoverable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:rememberable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:trackable</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:validatable</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="ss">:omniauthable</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<h2>Controller changes</h2>
<p><strong>Create authentications and registrations controller</strong></p>
<p>we need callbacks for omniauth that’s why we’re creating <code>authentications</code>
controller and <code>registrations</code> controller to override some of devise
functionalities.</p>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>config/routes.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="n">devise_for</span> <span class="ss">:users</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:path</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'/'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">controllers</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="n">omniauth_callbacks</span><span class="p">:</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="s2">"authentications"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">registrations</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"registrations"</span><span class="p">}</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>
<figure class='code'><figcaption><span>app/controllers/registrations_controller.rb </span></figcaption>
<div class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre class="line-numbers"><span class='line-number'>1</span>
<span class='line-number'>2</span>
<span class='line-number'>3</span>
<span class='line-number'>4</span>
<span class='line-number'>5</span>
<span class='line-number'>6</span>
<span class='line-number'>7</span>
<span class='line-number'>8</span>
<span class='line-number'>9</span>
<span class='line-number'>10</span>
<span class='line-number'>11</span>
<span class='line-number'>12</span>
<span class='line-number'>13</span>
<span class='line-number'>14</span>
<span class='line-number'>15</span>
</pre></td><td class='code'><pre><code class='ruby'><span class='line'><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">RegistrationsController</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="ss">Devise</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="ss">:RegistrationsController</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">super</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'devise.omniauth'</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kp">nil</span> <span class="k">unless</span> <span class="vi">@user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">new_record?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">build_resource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">super</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">session</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'devise.omniauth'</span><span class="o">]</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apply_omniauth</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'devise.omniauth'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="vi">@user</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">valid?</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'> <span class="k">end</span>
</span><span class='line'><span class="k">end</span>
</span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>