Describe the subtask

Implement schema CRUD (SupportsSchemas), table CRUD (TableCatalog), partition support
(SupportsPartitions), and Glue-to-Gravitino exception mapping for the catalog-glue module.

What

• GlueExceptionConverter — maps AWS Glue exceptions to Gravitino exceptions
• GlueCatalogOperations — schema and table CRUD backed by AWS Glue API, with pagination and catalogId support
• GlueTableOperations — partition CRUD (SupportsPartitions) for Hive-format tables
• 41 unit tests covering all operations

Parent issue

#10708